API & Scripts Reference

Patterns is a small Python toolchain. Every script does one job and communicates with the rest through plain JSON or files on disk — no shared state, no daemon, no database.

owasp2json.py  ──▶  owasp_rules.json  ──▶  json2{nginx,apache,traefik,haproxy}.py
                                       └▶  badbots.py (independent)

All scripts are configured through environment variables (not CLI flags) except owasp2json.py, which has a small argparse interface.

Pipeline scripts

owasp2json.py

Fetches the OWASP Core Rule Set from GitHub and emits a flat JSON rule list.

python owasp2json.py --ref v4.0 --output owasp_rules.json

Argument / env	Default	Purpose
--output	owasp_rules.json	Output JSON path
--ref	v4.0	Tag prefix to resolve (e.g. v4.0, v3.3, dev)
--dry-run	off	Fetch and parse without writing
GITHUB_TOKEN (env)	unset	Raises the GitHub API rate limit while iterating

The script verifies each blob's SHA against the GitHub-reported value before parsing it.

---

json2nginx.py

Converts owasp_rules.json into Nginx map-based rules.

python json2nginx.py
INPUT_FILE=custom.json OUTPUT_DIR=/tmp/out python json2nginx.py

Generated files (in OUTPUT_DIR):

File	Purpose
waf_maps.conf	map directives — include in the http block
waf_rules.conf	if rules — include in the server block
<category>.conf	One file per OWASP category, for inspection only
README.md	In-tree usage notes

Env var	Default
INPUT_FILE	owasp_rules.json
OUTPUT_DIR	waf_patterns/nginx

---

json2apache.py

Converts owasp_rules.json into ModSecurity SecRule directives, partitioned by attack category.

python json2apache.py

Generated files: one <category>.conf per OWASP category (sqli.conf, xss.conf, rce.conf, lfi.conf, …) — each contains pure ModSecurity rules ready to Include.

Env var	Default
INPUT_FILE	owasp_rules.json
OUTPUT_DIR	waf_patterns/apache

---

json2traefik.py

Converts owasp_rules.json into a Traefik file-provider middleware.

python json2traefik.py

Generated files:

• middleware.toml — complete WAF middleware definition
• README.md — in-tree integration notes

Env var	Default
INPUT_FILE	owasp_rules.json
OUTPUT_DIR	waf_patterns/traefik

---

json2haproxy.py

Converts owasp_rules.json into HAProxy ACL files.

python json2haproxy.py

Generated files:

• waf.acl — one regex per line, designed for -f /etc/haproxy/waf.acl
• README.md — in-tree integration notes

Env var	Default
INPUT_FILE	owasp_rules.json
OUTPUT_DIR	waf_patterns/haproxy/

---

badbots.py

Independently fetches public bad-bot User-Agent lists and emits a bots.* file in each platform output directory.

python badbots.py

Generated files (per platform):

Platform	File
Nginx	waf_patterns/nginx/bots.conf
Apache	waf_patterns/apache/bots.conf
Traefik	waf_patterns/traefik/bots.toml
HAProxy	waf_patterns/haproxy/bots.acl

Env var	Purpose
GITHUB_TOKEN	Raises the GitHub API rate limit when fetching upstream lists

If a remote source is unreachable, the script falls back to a bundled list.

Import / install scripts

The import_*.py scripts copy generated files into a server's runtime configuration directory and (optionally) splice an Include line into the main config. They are configured entirely through environment variables.

import_nginx_waf.py

Env var	Default
WAF_DIR	waf_patterns/nginx
NGINX_WAF_DIR	/etc/nginx/waf/
NGINX_CONF	/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
BACKUP_DIR	/etc/nginx/waf_backup/

import_apache_waf.py

Env var	Default
WAF_DIR	waf_patterns/apache
APACHE_WAF_DIR	/etc/modsecurity.d/
APACHE_CONF	/etc/apache2/apache2.conf
BACKUP_DIR	/etc/modsecurity.d/backup

import_traefik_waf.py

Env var	Default
WAF_DIR	waf_patterns/traefik
TRAEFIK_WAF_DIR	/etc/traefik/waf/
TRAEFIK_DYNAMIC_CONF	/etc/traefik/dynamic.toml
BACKUP_DIR	/etc/traefik/waf_backup/

import_haproxy_waf.py

Env var	Default
WAF_DIR	waf_patterns/haproxy
HAPROXY_WAF_DIR	/etc/haproxy/waf/
HAPROXY_CONF	/etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
BACKUP_DIR	/etc/haproxy/waf_backup/

Privileged paths

The defaults point at system directories (/etc/...). Run the import scripts as root, or override every env var to point at a sandbox before running them.

Data format

owasp_rules.json

A flat JSON array. Each item is a single rule with two required fields:

[
  {
    "category": "SQLI",
    "pattern": "(?i:union[\\s\\S]+select)"
  },
  {
    "category": "XSS",
    "pattern": "(?i:<script[^>]*>)"
  }
]

Field	Type	Description
category	string	OWASP CRS category derived from the source filename (e.g. SQLI, XSS, RCE, LFI, RFI, BOTS)
pattern	string	Regex extracted from the matching SecRule directive

The converters validate each pattern with Python's re.compile before emitting platform-specific output, so malformed regexes are dropped rather than propagated.

Extending the toolchain

Adding a new platform

1. Copy one of the existing json2<platform>.py converters as a starting point.
2. Implement _sanitize_pattern() for the target syntax (escape rules differ between Nginx, Apache, HAProxy, …).
3. Emit your output under waf_patterns/<platform>/.
4. Add a workflow step in .github/workflows/update_patterns.yml to package the result.
5. Add a documentation page under docs/.

Pinning a different OWASP CRS version

python owasp2json.py --ref v3.3

Pulling rules from a fork

owasp2json.py hardcodes the upstream repository constant coreruleset/coreruleset. To target a fork, edit GITHUB_REPO_URL near the top of the script.

Dependencies

Listed in requirements.txt. Install with:

pip install -r requirements.txt

The pipeline targets Python 3.11+.